1. Tide Water – Virginia was a land of riverways. Viewed from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia had no solid seacoast but was a half-dozen outreaching fingers of land separated by inreaching fingers of water. These were the rich lowlands of “tidewater” Virginia, so called because the ocean tides reach there.
2. Largest City of 1789 – In 1789 there were just six cities with over 8000 people, Philadelphia with 42,000 people was by far the largest, cleanest and most attractive.
3. Three Methods farmers used to market crops –
4. Precipitated National Bank –
5. Edmond Randolph – A Virginia statesman that believed that Thomas Paine (common sense) was the man most responsible for the declaration of our independence. Presented a plan to the convention that had been drawn up by James Madison. Later became the first Attorney General, proposed by Washington
6. John Adams – Federalist candidate of 1796, retained Washington’s cabinet and dealt with French revolution stuff. Allowed Alien and Sedition Acts,
7. Characteristics of Aristocracy – American Aristocracy was marked off less by ancestry than by land and money. The American “aristocracy” of land and cash consisted of the rich merchants that went about wearing powdered hair, knee breeches, ruffles, and silver buckles.
8. Breaking into Aristocracy – By the early 1800s it had become difficult to acquire the large tract of land needed for a successful tobacco plantation, making the Northern aristocracy flourish until the invention of the cotton gin.
9. Alexander Hamilton – Went to the Annapolis meeting and Philadelphia Convention. Lost in 1796 election against Adams, had personal friends in Adams cabinet,
10. Objective to Federal Assumption of State War Debts – Some states such as Virginia and Maryland had already paid their debts and felt no need to help pay for other state debts.
11. Why capital to be placed on banks of Potomac – To even the debt out, the capital was placed inbetween Virginia and Maryland on the Potomac River.
12. Hamilton’s rational to having wealthy on board – Felt that those who had bought war bonds for 15 cents on the dollar would lead the country into a new age and should be paid back.
13. Judiciary Act of 1789 – Set up the Supreme Court, three circuit courts, and thirteen district courts (one in each state).
14. Objection to paying domestic public debt – Bonds had been sold in the country to pay for the war and many had been sold for less than they were worth. Some felt this was unfair shouldn’t be paid for.
15. Why Americans sold off their original war bonds – related to #14, felt that they would lose the war and would rather get 15-20 cents on the dollar rather than nothing
16. Financial Agent for Fed. Government –
17. Strict Constructionists – Jefferson, joined by Madison told President Washington that since the Constitution did not give Congress the power to establish a bank, the bank should not be allowed. This kind of argument became known as a “strict construction”
18. Loose Construcitonists – The bank he argued was a necessary and proper way to borrow money and to regulate currency, both of which powers the Constitution had plainly assigned to the Congress. This became known as “broad “ construction of the Constitution.
19. Jefferson’s vision of America – Jefferson disliked cities and factories which, according to him, were sure to produce slums. His ideal was a nation of small farmers all of whom owned property.
20. Followers of Hamilton – Federalists (supported a strong central government and had little faith in the people. They were the rich and high ranking.)
21. Followers of Jefferson – Republicans (opposed Hamilton’s economic policies, they feared a strong central government here and did all they could to help the common people.)
22. Pinckney Treaty terms – Concluded in October 1795, Spain granted all American demands, free navigation of the Mississippi, acceptance of 31 degrees north latitude and the southern boundary of the United States, and the right of deposit. (26)
23. Whiskey Rebellion – The Whiskey tax angered farmers in the west because it was usual to change grain into whiskey to commute it. Farmers in Western Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax and staged a rebellion that was put down by Hamilton.
24. Washington’s farewell message – Washington’s “farewell address” Washington announced he would not serve again, was largely written by Alexander Hamilton, urged fellow citizens to remain loyal to the Union, warned against sectionalism, foresaw the danger of secession and cautioned against political partisanship. Also warned against entangling alliances (playing favorite nations).
25. Jay Treaty – Settled by John Jay who was sent to Britain, met almost none of the demands of America, the only positive point he won was that England would leave the frontier fur posts in American territory, with nothing over the naval disputes or debt.
26. Right of Deposit – The right to transfer cargoes at New Orleans from riverboats to ocean-going vessels without paying duty (Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain.)
27. Jefferson’s view of America – Jefferson disliked cities and factories which, according to him, were sure to produce slums. His ideal was a nation of small farmers all of whom owned property.
28. Hamilton’s view of America – Saw America as a land of industry and buildings, with factories littered across vast cities.
29. Aaron Burr – Dueled Hamilton and won. Was charged with treason and tried in Richmond, Virginia in August 1807. Was acquitted of charges since there was only 1 witness and under the Constitution it was required that there be 2 witnesses.
30. Adam Smith
31. Citizen Genet – Ambassador of France, came to America and tried to encourage Americans to fight for the French Revolution. Angered Congress and was sentenced to go back to France but after witnessing the beheadings was allowed to stay and became a normal citizen.
32. Jacobins – The French revolutionaries first went to war Against Prussia and Austria. Soon the French government fell into the hands of the extreme radicals, the Jacobins of Paris. Aristocrats and priests were massacred. The monarchy was overthrown for a republic.
33. Guillotine – Used by the Jacobins to behead leaders of France.
34. French Revolution – After helping America with it’s revolution, France undertook their own very different kind of revolution that nation’s leadership and its direction changed from year to year, even from month to month. The monarchy was overthrown by the Jacobins and declared that they would assist any people that wished to overthrow their government.
35. Mount Vernon – George Washington’s home, where he returned after his farewell address from presidency.
36. Jefferson’s view of French Revolution – Felt that they should help the people with they revolution since it was the people, not the country that helped them gain independence.
37. Hamilton’s view of French Revolution – Felt they should suppress the revolution since the country was being torn apart by the revolution.
38. The Directory – Came into power of France in 1795. Began to seize ships in their harbors and began a naval war.
39. X, Y, Z Affair – Talleyrand sent secret agents to meet envoys. The French agents wanted an apology for President Adam’s Speech, a loan of 10 million and a bribe of 250000 for Talleyrand. After the envoys returned to America, they declared it as the XYZ affair since they wouldn’t consider it serious.
40. Impressment – The seizing of American ships by Britain to confiscate American citizens and bring them back to the British navy.
41. Naturalization Act – extended the time it took to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years.
42. Alien Act – gave the President at once the power to deport any alien he thought dangerous to the nation's security and then, in time of war, the power to deport or arrest all aliens who came form an enemy nation.
43. Sedition Act – provided a heavy fine and a jail term for any person found guilty of combining and conspiring to oppose the execution of the laws or publishing false, scandalous, or malicious writings against the President, Congress, or the government of the United States. Went against free speech and was attacked by the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.
44. Marshall quote on X, Y, Z – After hearing the demands, “No! No, not a sixpence.” answered Marshall and Pinckney, then called it the XYZ affair.
45. Thomas Pinckney – escorted Marshall to France as an envoy
46. Benjamin Banneker – a free black mathematician and scientist. The first black civilian to work for the federal government.
47. Louisiana Purchase – Bought Louisiana from Napoleon after he realized he wouldn’t be able to control it, decided to sell the entire area along with the area around Mississippi mouth.
48. Napolean Bonaparte – Dictator of France, blah blah, we all know Napolean except for Kathleen because she smells. Sold Lousiana, yadda yadda, Jess Smells, yadda yadda.
49. James Monroe – Offered Lousiana by Napolean and accepted alongside Livingston.
50. Talleyrand – French foreign minister that proposed the XYZ affair alongside a 250,000 bribe, man, this guy smells almost as bad as Jessica Lee, but atleast he would answer his cell phone.
51. Squanto! - Kidnapped Indian that saved Plymouth after acting as an interpreter. Taught them to plant corn n’ whatnot, blah blah, How the hell is Squanto #51? What kind of order is this packet in!?
52. # of states made from Lousiana Purchase – 13 new really useful (yeah right) states.
53. Jefferson’s Embargo – passed an embargo which is a law that prohibited any American vessel from sailing for any foreign port. The embargo didn’t scare Britain and France, and was quickly repealed after America started to smell.
54. Sacajawea – The wife of a French Canadian fur trapper named Toussaint Charbonneau. Acted as an interpreter carrying her infant child and persuaded the Shoshones to help Lewis and Clark. Helped the expedition succeed.
55. Leopard – British Warsihp that overtook the Chesapeake. Demanded the ability to Search the ship for British deserters and poured three full broadsides into the Chesapeake, killing 3 men and wounding 18, took 4 deserters.
56. Chesapeake Affair – ..same as #55, American ship Chesapeake, blah blah meets Leopard, Leopard beats it up because Captain Barron is a panzy, ok.
57. Zebulon Pike – Captain Zebulon Pike explored the upper Mississippi, ventured as far west as the Rockies where he found one of the continents grandest mountains that he called Pikes Peak. Went into Spanish Territory where he was questioned and then returned home with information of the Spanish forces.
58. Midnight appointees – In order to put a small army of Federalists into these important permanent jobs, Adams signed some of their commissions on his final night in office. The last-minute appointees were sneeringly called “the midnight judges.”
59. West Florida – New Orleans and all the lands on the east bank of the Mississippi River
60. Nonintercourse Act – forbade trade only with Great Britain and France, authorized the President o reopen trade with either country should it cease to violate our neutral rights.
61. William Marbury – One of Adam’s midnight appointees, applied for a writ and began a case against Madison. It was concluded that there was no way Marbury could get his commission from Madison. The case decided that the Supreme Court had the power to declare a law of the land unconstitutional.
62. Aaron Burr Duel – Again? Aaron Burr vs. Hamilton, yadda yadda Hamilton shot and died, Burr ran away.
63. Internal Improvements – Improvements inside the country (roads, streets, blahblah).
64. Aaron Burr Conspiracy – ok, last time, dueled Hamilton, blahblah, began a little army that might have been planned to attack New Orleans, or make an independent country, or attack Mexico or something, was stopped and brought to court but was dismissed cause of only 1 witness, dumb reason, treason, yadda, done.
65. French Decrees – authorized French seizure of all ships that traded with the British Isles or that allowed themselves to be searched by a British cruiser.
66. Orders in Council – Forbade neutral ships to trade with ports under Napoleon’s control on the continent.
67. Jefferson’s concern over purchase – Had a strict view of the Constitution, but bought the Lousiana Purchase even though it meant he would be viewed as a loose constructionist.
68. Two eye witnesses – OMG THAT AARON BURR THING AGAIN! 2 witnesses, they had 1, all done, again.
69. McCulloch vs. Maryland – Marshall’s most famous opinion came in McCulloch vs. Maryland. That decision became a bulwark of a strong central government in the United States. the sate of Maryland had tried to force the Bank out of the state by taxing it. Marshall asserted that no state had the right to hinder or control any national institution established within its borders. “tax destroys!”
70. Gibbons vs. Ogden – of 1824 the famous steamboat case, the Marshall Court drew some powerful conclusions from the clause in the Constitution that gives congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations between the states and with the Indian tribes.
71. Dartmouth College Case – Court protected private property from state interference. It annulled an act fo the New Hampshire legislature that would have altered the college charter. States were forbidden by the Constitution to “pass any law impairing the obligation of contracts”
72. Noah Webster – Webster, beginning in 1782 wrote spelling and other books which he hoped would create a uniform and pure American language. In 1828 made the first important American dictionary, Webster now means dictionary, his mother must be so proud.
73. Jedidiah Morse – Spread knowledge of our land and pride in our land by his popular American geographies.
74. Monroe Doctrine – The Western hemisphere was no longer open to further colonization by European powers. Any attempt of those powers to extend their political system to any portion of the American continents would be taken as a sign of unfriendliness toward the US. The US would not meddle with European politics. Europe must not disturb the political status of the republics on this side of the ocean.
75. Symbol of America – Flag, Bald Eagle, Constitution, “Liberty freedom and union.” Other dumb saying like “don’t’ fire until you see the whites of their eyes (Putnam), I have not yet begun to fight (Jones), don’t give up the ship (War of 1812), Korea smells (Dynes).”
76. Sent to protect South from Indians –
77. Adams-Onis Treaty – United States received Florida. In return the US government agreed to pay to its own citizens about 5 million-the damages American shippers claimed against Spain for Spanish interference with American commerce during the Napoleonic Wars.
78. Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney, makes cotton gin, it promotes slavery, whoohoo profits!
79. Economic Sectionalism – The US was divided into geographic sections each with its own economic interests, the east depended on congress and industry. The south lived on the economy of larger plantations. The west was a land of small farms. The different economic interests of the sections produced conflicting ideas about the tariff thanks internal improvements, slavery, the right to vote and almost everything else.
80. Missouri Compromise – Missouri was added as a slave state, Maine became a free states to balance slave to free state ratio. Made the 36 degrees 30 inches border (except for Missouri) to split slavery
81. Firebell in the Night – Farsighted leaders realized that the Missouri Compromise was nothing more than a truce that announced the opening of a fight to the finish. As Thomas Jefferson retired, he said that this was “a fire-bell in the night… the [death] knell of the Union.”
82. John Quincy Adams – Secretary of State under Monroe, became New England’s candidate for 1824 and won, named Henry Clay to be his secretary of state which brought up the corrupt bargain stuff since Clay dropped out.
83. Last Federalist Candidate – Rufus King
84. State Banks – private banks chartered by the states, rapidly multiplied and issued their own paper money, no national currency = bad
85. Rush-Bagot Agreement – contained in an exchange of notes between the acting Secretary of State, Richard Rush, and the British minister to the US Charles Bagot. As a result, the northern border of the US remained the longest unfortified international border in the world, whoohoo Canada!
86. Horseshoe Bend – Andrew Jackson invaded the lands of the Creek Indians and defeated them in the battle of horseshoe bend.
87. American System – Henry Clay referred to President Madison’s program as the American system that would benefit every section of the country, internal improvements would tie the country together and make it easier for westerners and southerners to get their crops to eastern markets, the protective tariff would aid the manufacturers of the northeast and create a large market for their products in the south and west
88. Treaty of Ghent – Peace discussions between American and British envoys had begun in Ghent, Belgium in August 1814. On December 24th 1814, a peace treaty was signed. This was ratified unanimously by the senate on February 1815.
89. Roger B. Taney – Jackson’s attorney who agreed to do Jackson’s bidding, he deposited government funds in certain pet banks around the country.
90. Francis Scott Key – wrote the Star Spangled Banner
91. Spoil System – One out of six government officials that were removed motto was, “to the victors go the spoils” rewarding faithful followers with government jobs.
92. Macon’s Bill #2 – When the Nonintercourse act expired, macon’s bill #2 replaced it, it was named for the chairman of the senate foreign relations committee, it threw our commerce open to all the world but it authorized the president incase great Britain or France should withdraw its restrictions on our commerce to cut off trade with the other power.
93. Battle of Tippecanoe – Harrison gathered a force of 900 men and marched to the Tippecanoe river, close to Tecumseh village, in a brief encounter on November 7, 1811, harrison’s men defeated the Indians and then burned the village, the battle of tippecanoe became the first battle of the war of 1812.
94. War Hawks – These representatives championed a new spirit of expansive nationalism that had swept through the south and the west, tired of cautious diplomacy they demanded a firm defense of our national rights. The leaders of this movement had little or no expenses in public affairs but they were bright energetic and young.
95. President who wanted rid of National Bank – Andrew Jackson
96. Significance of Hotels to political parties – The spacious new American-style hotel was an ideal convention headquarters for candidates and for the party. Delegates could come from all over, enjoy their stay in a grand hotel, and go to the meeting hall to hear speeches by famous men. These large audiences whipped up enthusiasm for the party platform and for the party’s candidates.
97. Charles Dickinson – Jackson faced a man who insulted Mrs. Jackson. It was Dickson and he died the next day.
98. Nicholas Biddle – President of charter of the Bank of the United States, was not due to expire until 1836.
99. Jackson Supporter Type – the common people
100. Tariff of Abominations – Andrew Jackson supporters were in the democratic republican party, now known as the republican party and they controlled congress, the democratic republican party made it seem as if they were supporters of the industry and of the working class favoring a high tariff.
101. Early voting methods – voted out loud in front of a group, blahblah, who doesn’t know this?
102. Election of 1824 – William Crawford of Georgia was elected by Republicans, supported by the South, John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts was supported by New England Candidates, Jackson of Tennessee was supported by the old Southwest, Henry Clay of Kentucky was supported by Kentucky, Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, Lousiiana, and Adams won the election.
103. Peggy Eaton – Wife of John Eaton who was appointed secretary of war that was not thought to be socially acceptable by vice president john calhoun’s wife or wives of other candidates.
104. Nullification –
105. Webster-Hayne Debate – Calhoun’s theory of nullification would be debated in congress. Many easterners believed that the price of western land still owned by the government should be kept high. Settlements of west would proceed slowly, westerners wanted all land and for cheap, Hayne preached Calhoun’s doctrine of nullification, Webster rejected the idea that the union was only a league of sovereign states. Rejected the idea of liberty first and then union, he called for liberty and union.
106. Specie Circular – Forbade the treasury to receive anything but gold and silver as payment for public lands.
107. Exposition and Protest – Calhoun argued that a protective tariff was unconstitutional because it unfairly taxed one section of the country for the benefit of another
108. Voting property restrictions – The chief qualification other than being male was to own property usually a certain amount of land, for it was believed that only by owning property would you have a stake in good government.
109. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions – He reviewed this, that the Union was a compact of states therefore each state then had the right to judge whether congress was exceeding its powers and could nullify acts by congress that were unconstitutional.
110. Balloon Frame Houses – A simple house, nails were used, stronger and more durable than the old heavy timber constructions, easily taken apart and moved.
111. Nat Turner – Led the slave rebellion and killed 60 white people.
112. Common Sense – Pamphlet written by Thomas Payne that was one of the decisive factors of the United States secession from Britain.
113. Manifest Destiny – American thrilled by the vision of their empire of liberty reaching tot he Pacific, the catchy phrase for the whole expansion movement was provided by a New York newspaper man John L. O’sullivn
114. Pet Banks – lent their funds widely and without counting the consequences.
115. Jackson's threat of 50,000 troops – since the nation was supreme over the states no state could refuse to obey any federal law and of course no state had the power tos eceed from the union, “I will meet treason at the threshold” Jackson wrote tot he customs collector of the court of Charleston. “In 40 days I will have 50,000 men in South Carolina to enforce the law.”
116. Population of West by 1840 – every 1/3 Americans lived there.
117. Clay’s roll in bank recharter – To bring the issue to a head and reap the political benefit Clay induced Biddle to apply for a new charter for the bank early in 1832, he believed that if Jackson dared to veto the recharter bill as he hoped he would, the president would lose enough votes in the east to cost him the election.
118. “Last Best Hope of Earth” - The overflow of the old world could find a place in the new, people who did not know each other or who had fought against each other could now live side by side. America would be called the “Last Best Hope of Earth.”
119. Purpose of a Wagon Train – trains were a group of wagons that were grouped together, made wagon towns.
120. Sig of 54-40 or fight – Polk at first demanded a stretch of Oregon that reached all the way up to the borders of Alaska, “All Oregon or none.” shouted American champions of Manifest Destiny. 54-40 or fight was a reference to the latitude territory northern border became their slogan. They decided to extend the 49th parallel to extend across to the Pacific.
121. Lone Star Republic – Settlers missed the bill of rights and all the guarantees of the us constitution especially the right to trial by jury, brought slaves with them however the Mexican government tried to overrule slavery, the government proposed heavy custom taxes and stationed troops amongst the settlers, therefore they revolted and drove out the Mexican troops. General Santa Ana led an army to crush the Texas rebellion.
122. Gadsden Purchase – Sent Gadsden to buy the Northern Mexico and lower California, Gadesden did succeed in arranging the purchase of a small tract of land near the Gila River. Was approved only after 9,000 extra acres of Mexico was willing to sell where they moved from the treaty.
123. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – Mexico dropped all of its claim to Texas and agreed to hand over California, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and Colorado. US paid Mexico 50 million dollars and assumed claims of our citizens against Mexico.
124. Potato Famine – potatoes were main food for the Irish poor, blight hit the potato crops and thousands of irish people died.
125. Gag Rule – Northerners were sensitive about slavery because of the gag rule in congress. Faced with the flood of abolitionist petitions in 1836 the house of representatives refused to discuss any further petitions against slavery. President Adams protected that such a restriction of free speech in congress was a direct violation of the constitution. Texas was kept out of the Union and the Government of the US recognized the republic of Texas as a separate nation.
126. First used to get to California – Boat
127. Negotiated with Europe for protection – John Taylor
128. American Colonization Society – believed that blacks couldn’t be assimilated into American life, raised money to send the blacks back to Liberia, Africa.
129. New Leader of Mormons – Brigham Young
130. Founder of Mormons – Joseph Smith
131. Dorothea Dix – Was appointed the first superintendent of women nurses, with the job of selecting and assigning women to hospitals. Succeeded in persuading the Massachusetts legislature to enlarge the state mental hospital.
132. Transcendentalists – Believed theology was beyond their understanding, they would look upon god as their oversoul, a presence showing everybody what was good and evil.
133. Captain William Becknell – Established the Santa Fe Trail.
134. Sent by Polk to Rio Grande – Polk sent General Zachary Taylor
135. Started Settlements in Texas-
136. Waltham Lowell System – Work force mostly of women, Lowell noticed that the industrial revolution was freeing young women from many of the farm chores. Houses built by the company for them to work, Samuel Slater employed the entire family.
137. Oberlin – First co-ed college
138. Wesleyan – First college for women (in Georgia)
139. Middle Passage – The voyage to America from Africa, although slave trade was abolished in 1807, slaves were still smuggled into the country.
140. Underground Railroad – Northerners wanted to help slaves escape, the underground railroad was a well organized series of routes and stopovers leading north to Canada for runaway slaves.
141. Horace Mann – Worked to fulfill the Puritan dream of an educated citizenry, he was appointed the first secretary of the new state board of education.
142. Joint Stock Company – Ventures had brought some of the first English settlers to America, now when “joint stock company” was chartered by the state it becomes a corporation. This meant that it had a life of its own and would survive in legal theory even if the slaveholders
143. Cyrus Field – attempted setting up a line all the way to England.
144. John Bloomfield Jervis – An engineer from new york made a separate little truck “bogy” with 4 low wheels and put it under the front end of the locomotive.
145. Samuel Morse – found a way to make an electric current. Morse and 2 partners set up a telegraphic network that stretched from maine to south carolina, westwood to st. louis, chicago and milwakee.
146. Made interchangeable parts gun – Eli Whitney
147. Myth about the number of slave holding southerners –
148. Mail delivery in 1780’s – federal constitution had given congress the power to establish post office and post roads in an attempt to create a workable national mail system, postage on a letter was paid by the person receiving it, all postal service was on 1 main post road.
149. Flying Cloud – The finest of McKay’s many vessels, set a record of 89 days from New York to San Francisco.
150. Monitor – Northern ironclad, Northerners shot just bounced off of it’s surface, an even stranger craft steamed into the Hampton road from the Monitor, one of the small union ironclads.
151. Merrimac – ironclad vessels with sloping covered by 4 iron plates, attacked the federal blockading squadrons, this was the c.s.s, Virginia, aka, US frigate Merrimac.
152. Neptune’s Car – Mary brown patent took command of neptune’s car when her husband became ill, navigated an 1800 ton clipper from the remaining 52 days on the way to california.
153. Battle of Manassas other name – Bull Run
154. Appomattox – Lee rode there, in central Virginia despite the monstrous effects of the war, the respect of one american for another had not been destroyed. Grant and Lee respected each other, Lee heard grants terms of surrender, officers were allowed to keep their swords and horses to show their honor.
155. Roger Taney – issued an opinion that the president had no right to suspend the writ of habeas corpus
156. Charles Sumner – A Massachusetts delivered a speech in congress called against Kansas, he attacked kansas with every insulting word.
157. Fugitive Slave Act – of 1850, provided that state and city authorities and even plain citizens should assist in the capture and return of runaways. State after state passed personal liberty laws that forbade enforcing the fugitive slave act.
158. Kansas-Nebraska Act – Douglas introduced a bill that provided for Kansas territory and a Nebraska territory but knew it couldn’t be passed with southern support. The Missouri compromise was repealed and was replaced by the compromise of 1850 could open slavery to new lands. The Decision whether Kansas and Nebraska would be free or slave would be decided by popular sovereignty. Passed in 1854, moved the line between slavery and freedom north.
159. Compromise of 1850 – A bundle of laws that became known as the compromise of 1850, for the north, California was to be admitted as a free state, the strong fugitive slave act would protect the right of owners to recapture slaves that escaped to the north. For the north, slave trade would be abolished in the district of columbia, but for the south it would still be protected there.
160. Ostend Manifesto – ministers of Spain, England, and France met in Ostend, Belgium and drew up the Ostend Manifesto that was supported to be confidential dispatch of the secretary of state William Marcys, but it reached the press and created an uproar. The state had advised to take Cuba by force, if Spain would not sell it, cost Pierce to be branded as a proslavery man and a warlike expansionist, firmly identified slavery with expansions.
161. Wilmot Proviso – offered an amendment to Polk’s Bill, in that it passed that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude should ever exist in any part of the territory acquired from Mexico, the south opposed the Wilmot proviso. But some suggested that the Missouri compromise of 36-30 extend to the pacific.
162. Harriet Beacher Stowe – wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, blahblah, lincoln elected, yaddaydda, no one read the book, popular book
163. Harriet Tubman – famous underground railroad conductor that risked her life to help spirit to freedom her parents and 300 other slaves
164. Anaconda – conda, short for anaconda was the nickname given to the northern blockade. Winsfield Scott offered a plan to blockade the south and seize new Orleans and the Mississippi river.
165. Clara Barton – one of the first female clerks in Washington, finally became president of the American red cross.
166. Emancipation Proclamation – Lincoln warned anyone held as a slave where people were in rebellion against the US would be thencefore and forever free, south viewed Lincoln's act as a fiends act that destroyed 4 billion dollars of property.
167. Twice the Americans died here, as were killed in entire Revolution – Battle of Gettysburg
168. Often used as spies behind enemy lines – reporters, women, who cares, yaddayadda, korea smells
169. The Fifth Column – Blacks that were going to be freed but would then betray the south and act as an ally for the north, considered as the fifth column, a secret line of attack.
170. Sherman’s March – Led 60,000 men on a free wielding march of devastation from Atlanta to the sea, he told his men just to bring arms, no food or water, ordered them to march quickly without covering the rear, sherman’s lost army was cutting a sloth of 60 miles wide and 300 miles long. Sherman’s fvukin owned the south.
171. Trent Affair – union warships stopped the British streamer Trent and removed 2 confederate diplomats, James mason and john slidelfrom, they were on their way to England and France to seek recognition for confederacy, the British were outraged by this violation by the US and freedom on ships for neutral vessels, war with Britains would screw over the north so Lincoln let them go.
172. Prestons Brooks – avenged the honor of his uncle and the south by beating charles sumner by a cane in the senator chamber.
173. Know-Nothing Party – Was a reaction to the ever-increasing flood of immigrants into the country, also known as the American party, but blah blah, “I don’t know” ok, know-nothing party.
174. Lecompton Constitution – in November 18, 1857 a convention met at the small town of lecompton to draw up a constitution under which kansas might come into the union as a state, allowed popular vote whether the constitution would be adopted with or without slavery, people in Kansas did not want slavery so they rejected it, free soil refused to vote on this tricky proposition, resulted in the lecompton constitution being adopted with slavery. A new legislature rejected it.
175. Bleeding Kansas – The Kansas-Nebraska act brought blood tot he plains of Kansas. The first side to gain the majority vote would decide the slavery question, antislavery and proslavery sides rushed their people into the territory, bands of armed men everywhere were killing each other over slavery.
176. Dred Scott Case – Dred Scott was a slave, sued for freedom, remained a slave since he wasn’t a citizen of missouri and could not sue, according to Taney could not be citizens, the Missouri compromise was unconstiutional, a slave was property, yadda yadda.
177. First Military Draft – voluntary enlistment's fell so low that in march 1863 the government was forced to pass it’s first draft law. It made all men between 20-45 liable for service for 3 years.
178. Conscription – The south turned to a draft called a conscription, that excluded 1 slaveholder for every 20 slaves, outraged many southerners and brought desertion from the army.
179. Greenbacks – a new type of currency, US nodes or greenbacks were issued.
180. Robert E. Lee – ordered his men in the army of northern Virginia to dig trenches, nicknamed king of spades, took over for John E. Johnston, offered a job as commander of the Union but rejected it because he couldn’t fight against his own state. Fought at the second battle of bull run, went to Maryland with McClayington, fought against Lee and Lee left with 2700 dead.
181. John C. Calhoun Amendment Proposal – 2 presidents, one from the slave states and one from the free states.
182. First, Quickest, and least blood battle – Battle of Bull Run (Manasses)
183. First State to Succeed – South Carolina
184. Rifle – old fashioned weapon, inside was spiraled, when the bullet was pushed out it spun and went further and faster, more accurate, yadda yadda, rifles kick ass.
185. Freeport Doctrine – Douglas referred to lincoln’s house divided speceh as an insight to civil strife, Lincoln denounced the dred scot decision as a sovereign conspiracy, the highest point of the debate was reached at Freeport Illinois, Lincoln asked Douglas whether the people of a territory could lawfully exclude slavery before they had become a state, Douglas had a dilemma; if he say yes he would seem to defy the dred Scot decision, and if he said no he would oppose his own doctrine.
186. New fighting techniques in this war – Trench warfare
187. Comparison of North and South in Civil War – Union had 20 million people, confederacy had 9 million, 3.6 milion of which were slaves, north had 22 thousands miles of railroad to the south’s 9000, north had far more factories and factory workers, more money, more banks, blah blah, north owns the south and they’re gonna win, omg I hate my life, how long is this gonna take? South didn’t want to use slaves because they were lazy, I hate korea, kathleen kim is useless.
1. Tide Water – Virginia was a land of riverways. Viewed from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia had no solid seacoast but was a half-dozen outreaching fingers of land separated by inreaching fingers of water. These were the rich lowlands of “tidewater” Virginia, so called because the ocean tides reach there.